Nuclear physicist, chemist, and editor. Correspondence, notes, reports, speeches and writings, and other papers documenting Abelson's contribution to scientific policy-making through committees, organizations, and publications.

Geologist, mathematician, engineer, and physicist. Correspondence, diaries, letterbooks, notebooks, notes, memoranda, maps, charts, tables, landscape sketches, and printed matter primarily relating to Becker's service at the United States Geological Survey, Carnegie Institution of Washington, and as president of the Geological Society of America.

Physicist, engineer, government official, and science administrator. The collection relates primarily to Vannevar Bush's role as coordinator of the scientific community for defense efforts during and after World War II when he served as chairman of the National Defense Research Committee and director of its successor, the Office of Scientific Research and Development, where he supervised the Manhattan Project and other programs.

Industrialist and philanthropist. Correspondence, reports, memoranda, speeches, articles, book files, financial papers, printed materials, and other papers relating to Carnegie's steel manufacturing and other business and philanthropic activities.

Chiefly transcriptions and copies of documents in foreign archives and personal collections relating to the history of the United States, especially the early Spanish period and British ministers to the United States from 1791 to 1812, collected for publication projects of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.

Molecular biologist, geneticist, educator, and science and technology advisor to the United States Department of State. Correspondence, notes, subject files, writings, and speeches in both physical and digital formats relating primarily to Fedoroff’s career as a scientist and professor and to her involvement in professional organizations from 1971 to 2012.

Paleontologist, educator, and author. Correspondence, articles, memoranda, notes, reports, speeches, drawings, maps, photographs, memorabilia, printed matter, and other materials mainly concerning Merriam's work as chairman of the National Research Council, president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and regent of the Smithsonian Institution.

United States secretary of state, secretary of war, United States senator from New York, and statesman. Correspondence, memoranda, speeches, notes, reports, subject files, financial papers, calendar and appointment books, invitations, and printed materials relating to Root's career as a lawyer and statesman.

Biochemist, science advocate, and administrator. Correspondence, laboratory notebooks, subject files, research material, reports, speeches and writings, printed matter, and miscellaneous items documenting Singer's genetic research, science advocacy, and administrative service with various scientific institutes and organizations, including her tenure as president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.

Broadcast executive. Correspondence, memoranda, subject files, speeches and writings, minutes of meetings, drafts, testimony, typescripts, reports and studies, interviews, transcripts, awards and citations, press clippings and releases, printed matter, and miscellaneous items relating primarily to Stanton's career as president and vice chairman of the board of directors of the Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc.

Physicist. Correspondence, reports, writings, printed matter, and miscellaneous material focusing on Vestine’s career as a physicist and his work on geomagnetics, seismology, and cosmic rays.