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| Transcripts of oral history interviews of the Ronald W. Reagan Presidency, 1995-1996 (continued) | |||||||||||||
| Oral history interview with Nicholas Daniloff, 1995-11-16 (continued) | |||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on November 16, 1995 ; recorded at Boston, Massachusetts. | |||||||||||||
| Daniloff was a correspondent for U.S. News and World Report in Moscow; arrested for espionage by the Soviet Union's KGB in 1986. | |||||||||||||
| Daniloff discusses relations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1980's; the Soviet response to the United States' Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program and U.S. President Ronald Reagan's speech characterizing the Soviet Union as an 'evil empire'; Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Eduard Shevardnadze; human rights issues in the Soviet Union; the circumstances surrounding Daniloff's 1986 arrest for espionage in Moscow; Daniloff's jailing and interrogation in Lefortovo Prison; an earlier incident in which Daniloff had received a letter from a Soviet dissident which he passed on to the American embassy; Daniloff's release from prison as part of an exchange for Soviet spy Gennadi Zakharov; the role of Occidental Petroleum executive Armand Hammer in Daniloff's release. He concludes with an assessment of Ronald Reagan as President. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/18 | Oral history interview with Michael Deaver, 1996-02-05 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on February 5, 1996 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Deaver was White House Deputy Chief of Staff, 1981-1985. | |||||||||||||
| Deaver discusses U.S. President Ronald Reagan's leadership and administrative style; the attempt to draft former President and rival Presidential candidate Gerald Ford as Reagan's Vice Presidential running mate in the 1980 general election; key Reagan administration officials such as White House Chief of Staff James Baker, Counselor to the President Edwin Meese, National Security Advisor William Clark, Secretaries of State Alexander Haig and George Shultz, Director of Central Intelligence William Casey, and Attorney General William French Smith; the influence of First Lady Nancy Reagan and her astrologer Joan Quigley; Reagan's cotroversial trip to Bitburg, Germany; the assassination attempt on Reagan by John W. Hinckley, Jr.; the job switch where Baker and Secretary of the Treasury Donald Regan exchanged positions; Marine Lieutenant Colonel and National Security Council staff member Oliver North; an attempt to force senior White staff members to submit to polygraph tests about communication leaks; and Ronald Reagan's legacy as President. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/19 | Oral history interview with Miguel d'Escoto, 1995-09-05 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on September 5, 1995 ; recorded at Managua, Nicaragua. | |||||||||||||
| D'Escoto was a Roman Catholic priest for the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America who served as Foreign Minister for the Nicaraguan government under the Sandinistas, 1979-1990. | |||||||||||||
| D'Escoto discusses the matter of U.S. President Ronald Reagan's political integrity; the history of United States influence in Nicaragua; Reagan's interest in the overthrow of the Sandinista regime in Nicaragua; d'Escoto's own time spent in the United States before the 1979 revolution; the Sandinista movement, including charges of Communist influence, and d'Escoto's own appointment as Foriegn Minister in the new government; the Contra rebels, including leader Adolfo Calero; Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega; the Boland Amendment which limited the support that the United States was permitted to provide to Contra rebel groups; U.S. policy and strategy for opposing the Sandinista government; the U.S. invasion of Grenada; and the Iran-Contra Affair. D'Escoto offers opinions on the level of knowledge key U.S. officials had of the diversion of funds in the Iran-Contra Affair, including Secretary of State George Shultz, Reagan, and Vice-President George Bush. He concludes with a discussion of the legacy of the civil war on Nicaragua today. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/20 | Oral history interview with Rafi Eitan, 1996-09-15 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on September 15, 1996 ; recorded via telephone. | |||||||||||||
| Eitan was advisor on terrorism to Israeli Prime Ministers Menachem Begin and Shimon Peres, 1978-1984, and head of the Israeli Defense Ministry's Lekem, or Bureau of Scientific Relations, 1981-1986, when that agency was disbanded in the aftermath of the Jonathan Pollard affair. He was then appointed by the Israeli Ministry of Industry and Trade to be chairman of the board of the government-owned Israel Chemicals Ltd. | |||||||||||||
| Eitan discusses the beginnings of the Israeli war with Lebanon in 1982, and the results of that war in Arab-Israeli politics; the massacre of Muslim civilians in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps by the Lebanese Kataeb Party militia during the war; the clandestine supply of arms to Iranian representatives by Israel; the incarceration of Jonathan Jay Pollard, accused of being an Israeli spy; and the diversion of funds from the sale of arms to Iran to the support of Contra rebels in Nicaragua. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/21 | Oral history interview with Jerry Falwell, 1995-11-27 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on November 27, 1995 ; recorded at Lynchburg, Virginia. | |||||||||||||
| Falwell was senior pastor from 1956 of Thomas Road Baptist Church in Lynchburg, Virginia, and president of Moral Majority Inc. from 1979. | |||||||||||||
| Falwell discusses U.S. President Ronald Reagan's religious and moral philosophy; the nomination of Vice President George H. W. Bush; White House staff members James Baker, Edwin Meese and Michael Deaver; Falwell's efforts on building political support for Reagan's activities, such as the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and the appointment of Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor; Falwell's founding of Moral Majority in 1979, and the organization's support for Reagan's 1980 Presidential campaign; First Lady Nancy Reagan; and foreign relations of the Reagan administration, such as with Israel and the Soviet Union. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/22 | Oral history interview with Gerald Ford, 1996-04-23 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on April 23, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Ford was a former President of the United States and was briefly considered as a possible Vice Presidential running mate to Ronald Reagan in the 1980 Presidential election. | |||||||||||||
| Ford discusses running against Ronald Reagan for the 1976 Republican candidacy for the U.S. Presidency, and why Reagan wasn't approached as a Vice Presidential running mate in that race; Ford's decision not to contest Reagan's 1980 Republican primary campaign; negotiations with the Reagan campaign over the possibility of Ford running as Reagan's running mate; Reagan campaign manager and Director of Central Intelligence William Casey; the Iran-Contra Affair; criticisms of the Reagan administration's handling of the budget and the Strategic Defense Intiative (SDI); Secretaries of State Alexander Haig and George Shultz; and the legacy of Reagan's presidency, including a refutation of the assertion that Reagan holds single or principle responsibility for the ending of the Cold War. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/23 | Oral history interview with Craig Fuller, 1996-06-04 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on June 4, 1996 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Fuller was assistant to President Ronald Reagan for cabinet affairs, 1981-1985, and chief of staff for Vice President George H. W. Bush, 1985-1989. | |||||||||||||
| Fuller discusses first meeting California Governor Ronald Reagan while Fuller was a student at UCLA; Fuller's recruitment as assistant to President Reagan for Cabinet affairs for the latter's first term; the functioning of the Cabinet in the Reagan administration; the appointment of White House Chief of Staff James Baker; Fuller's taking over the job of Chief of Staff for Vice President George H. W. Bush in Reagan's second term; tensions and turnover in the Reagan White House; Reagan's second Chief of Staff Don Regan; Bush's meeting with Amiram Nir, the advisor on counterterrorism for the Israeli Prime Minister; Marine Lieutenant Colonel and National Security Council staff member Oliver North, and the Iran-Contra Affair. Fuller offers his opinions on who may have participated in or had knowledge of the Iran-Contra Affair. Fuller further discusses the relationship between Reagan and Bush, contrasts the two leaders, and talks about Bush's involvement with various initiatives of the Reagan administration. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/24 | Oral history interview with Roy Furmark, 1996-11-01 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on November 1, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Furmark was an American businessman and associate of Adnan Khashoggi, a Saudi businessman who acted as middleman in the arms-for-hostages negotations of the Iran-Contra Affair. | |||||||||||||
| Furmark discusses Jonathan Jay Pollard, convicted of spying for Israel against the United States; Amiram Nir, counterterrorism advisor to Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres and Israeli liaison to the arms-for-hostages component of the Iran-Contra Affair; Manucher Ghorbanifar, Iranian arms dealer who acted as broker for the sale of arms to Iran; details of the arms-for-hostages negotiations, including Saudi businessman Adnan Khashoggi's funding of the arms transfers; the marking up of the arms sold to Iran, resulting in the profits that were diverted to funding Contra rebels in Nicaragua; the Enterprise fund that was set up to control the flow of money in the Iran-Contra Affair; Furmark's subpeona to present testimony to the Senate Intelligence Committee about the Iran-Contra dealings; and U.S. Director of Central Intelligence William Casey. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/25 | Oral history interview with Hans-Dietrich Genscher, circa 1995 or 1996 | ||||||||||||
| No tape; refused to be recorded. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/26 | Oral history interview with Gennadii Gerasimov, 1995-05-30 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on May 30, 1995 ; recorded at Allentown, Pennsylvania. | |||||||||||||
| Gerasimov was editor-in-chief of the Moscow News; chief of the Department of Information in the Soviet Union's Foreign Ministry; and spokesman for Communist Party General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. | |||||||||||||
| Gerasimov discusses; Soviet reaction to the U.S. Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI); American demands for the Soviet Union to address internal human rights issues; the Washington, D.C. summit of December 1987 between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Communist Party of the Soviet Union General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev; the Freedom Sunday for Soviet Jewry rally that took place during the summit; the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War; and the arrest of reporter Nicholas Daniloff as a spy by Soviet authorities. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/27 | Oral history interview with Ronald Godwin, 1995-10-10 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on October 10, 1995 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Godwin was Executive Vice President of Moral Majority, Inc.. | |||||||||||||
| Godwin discusses the founding of Moral Majority, Inc. by Baptist minister Jerry Falwell; Moral Majority's backing of 1980 Presidential candidate Ronald Reagan, and the organization's relationship with Reagan after his successful election; Falwell's relationship with the Jewish community; the conservative Christian movement in the 1980's; U.S. President Jimmy Carter; and U.S. Marines Lieutenant Colonel and National Security Council staff member Oliver North. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/28 | Oral history interview with Donald Gregg, 1996-10-30 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on October 30, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Gregg was U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) agent working as a staff member for the National Security Council (NSC) with responsibility for intelligence and for Asia, and as national security advisor to Vice President George H. W. Bush. | |||||||||||||
| Gregg discusses accusations that representatives of the Ronald Reagan Presidential campaign had negotiated with Iranian hostage takers to postpone the release of American hostages until after the 1980 U.S. general election; Director of Central Intelligence William Casey; working in the Reagan White House; the 1983 U.S. invasion of Grenada; and the Iran-Contra Affair. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/29 | Oral history interview with Eitan Haber, 1996-03-25 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on March 25, 1996 ; recorded at the Misrad ha-bitahon, HaKirya, Tel Aviv, Israel. | |||||||||||||
| Haber was military correspondent for the Israeli daily newspaper Yedi'ot aharonot, and special media advisor to Israeli Minister of Defense Yitzhak Rabin, 1985-1990. | |||||||||||||
| Haber discusses the meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Israeli Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin after the outbreak of the first Intifada against Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories; the involvement of Rabin and other Israeli government officials in the arms-for-hostages negotiations with Iran; and accused Israeli spy Jonathan Jay Pollard. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/30 | Oral history interview with Alexander Haig, 1996-01-24 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on January 24, 1996 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Haig was U.S. Secretary of State, 1981-1982. | |||||||||||||
| Haig discusses working with California Governor Ronald Reagan while Haig served as White House Chief of Staff in the Nixon administration; Haig's appointment as U.S. Secretary of State in Reagan's Presidential administration; First Lady Nancy Reagan and her relationship to astrologer Joan Quigley; the assassination attempt on President Reagan, and Haig's controversial press statement in which he was accused of asserting that he was in charge of government affairs; the influence of the Soviet Union in world affairs; the key White House staff officials of James Baker, Edwin Meese, and Michael Deaver, known as the triumvirate; the Iran-Contra Affair and Director of Central Intelligence William Casey; conflicts within the Reagan administration over Arab-Israeli policy; Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin; and the legacy of the Reagan administration. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/31 | Oral history interview with Albert Hakim, 1996-07-04 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on July 4, 1996 ; recorded at Los Gatos, California. | |||||||||||||
| Hakim was an Iranian businessman who set up and operated the Enterprise fund which was used to divert money derived from the sale of arms to Iran into support for Contra rebels in Nicaragua, known as the Iran-Contra Affair. | |||||||||||||
| Hakim discusses his involvement in setting up the tripartite arms-for-hostages negotiations between representatives of the United States, Israel, and Iran that composed part of the Iran-Contra Affair; profiteering amongst private businessmen involved in the arms sales; the request by Iran that Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein be neutralized as part of the negotiations; Hakim's lawsuits against the principals in the Iran-Contra affair; the diversion of profits from the arms sales to provide funding to Contra rebels in Nicaragua, and the role of U.S. leaders in planning the operation, including Director of Central Intelligence William Casey and National Security Council (NSC) staff member Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North; and the difficulty of negotiating with different factions in Iran. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/32 | Oral history interview with Fawn Hall, 1996-06-30 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on June 30, 1996 ; recorded at Beverly Hills, California. | |||||||||||||
| Hall was secretary to U.S. Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel and National Security Council (NSC) staff member Oliver North, 1983-1986. | |||||||||||||
| Hall discusses her hire as secretary for Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North; the U.S. invasion of Grenada; the Crisis Management Center used by second-tier Federal officials for monitoring world events; North's character and Hall's relationship with him; North's involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair and his eventual firing by the President Ronald Reagan administration over charges of misconduct; North's desire for reassignment out of the National Security Council (NSC); North's relationship with Vice President George H. W. Bush; Hall's involvement in the shredding of documents related to the Iran-Contra dealings; her interview by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); and Hall's subsequent notoriety as a result of her involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/33 | Oral history interview with Arthur Hartman, 1996-04-30 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on April 30, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Hartman was U.S. Ambassador to France, 1977-1981, and U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1981-1987. | |||||||||||||
| Hartman discusses the consequences of U.S. President Ronald Reagan's characterization of the Soviet Union as an "evil empire" on U.S.-Soviet relations; the United States' military buildup and the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI); Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union Eduard Amvrosievich Shevardnadze, Soviet dissident leader Andrei Sakharov and General Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Gorbachev; American journalist and accused spy for the United States against the Soviet Union Nicholas Daniloff; the Reykjavik summit meeting between Reagan and Gorbachev; and U.S. Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/34 | Oral history interview with Charles Hill, 1996-02-13 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on February 13, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Hill was director of Israel and Arab-Israeli affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, 1981-1982; U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for the Middle East, 1982-1983; executive secretary, U.S. Department of State, 1983-1985; and executive assistant to U.S. Secretary of State George Pratt Shultz, 1985-1989. | |||||||||||||
| Hill discusses U.S. Secretaries of State Alexander Haig and George Pratt Shultz; anti-Soviet Union mentality within the President Ronald Reagan administration; the Iran-Contra Affair; the revolving door of the office of Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs, successively held by Thomas Enders, Langhorne Motley, and Elliott Abrams; the war between Israel and Lebanon; the U.S. invasion of Grenada; and the Reykjavik, Iceland summit meeting between Reagan and the Soviet Union's General Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Gorbachev. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/35 | Oral history interview with Geoffrey Howe, 1996-03-18 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on March 18, 1996 ; recorded at London, England. | |||||||||||||
| Howe was Great Britian's Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1979-1983, and Secretary of State for Foriegn and Commonwealth Affairs, 1983-1989. | |||||||||||||
| Howe discusses his impressions of U.S. President Ronald Reagan; the relationship between Reagan and Prime Minister of Great Britain Margaret Thatcher; British reaction to the 1983 U.S. invasion of Grenada; the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya; the summit meeting at Chequers, England between Thatcher and the Soviet Union's General Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Gorbachev; European leaders' concerns over the strength of the pro-Israel lobby in the United States; and the summit meeting at Reykjavik, Iceland between Reagan and Gorbachev. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/36 | Oral history interview with Max Hugel, 1995-08-28 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on August 28, 1995 ; recorded at Salem, New Hampshire. | |||||||||||||
| Hugel was a campaign aide for Ronald Reagan's 1980 Presidential election campaign, and was Deputy Director for Operations in the U.S Central Intelligence Agency, May 11 - July 14, 1981, resigning the latter position over allegations of past stock market fraud. | |||||||||||||
| Hugel discusses Ronald Reagan's 1980 Presidential election campaign and U.S. Director of Central Intelligence William Casey. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/37 | Oral history interview with King Hussein, 1995-06-25 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on June 25, 1995 ; recorded at Amman, Jordan. | |||||||||||||
| Hussein was King of Jordan, 1952-1999. | |||||||||||||
| Hussein discusses U.S. President Ronald Reagan, conflicts in Lebanon in the 1980s, attempts for peace settlements between Israelis and Palestinians, the Iran-Contra Affair, and U.S.-Soviet Union relations. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/38 | Oral history interview with John Hutton, 1996-06-05 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on June 5, 1996 ; recorded at Bethesda, Maryland. | |||||||||||||
| Hutton was chief, department of surgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 1981; vice Chairman, department of surgery, and chief, division of general surgery with the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 1981 - 1984; assistant physician to U.S. President Ronald Reagan, 1984-1986; and Physician to the President, 1987-1988. | |||||||||||||
| Hutton discusses the medical treatment of U.S. President Ronald Reagan after his wounding by gunshot in March, 1981; First Lady Nancy Reagan's breast cancer and mastectomy; President Reagan's interest in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic; President Reagan's colon cancer surgery; and journalist Bob Woodward's claim that former Director of Central Intelligence William Casey gave the reporter a confession of complicity in the Iran-Contra Affair while Casey was hospitalized following the removal of a brain tumor. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/39 | Oral history interview with Bernard Ingham, 1996-03-18 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on March 18, 1996 ; recorded at London, England. | |||||||||||||
| Ingham was chief press secretary for Prime Minister of Great Britain Margaret Thatcher, 1979-1990. | |||||||||||||
| Ingham discusses British perceptions of U.S. President Ronald Reagan; the political relationship between Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher; the 1983 U.S. invasion of Grenada; the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya; General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev; the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI); and the Reykjavik, Iceland summit meeting between Reagan and Gorbachev. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/40 | Oral history interview with David Jacobsen, 1996-08-21 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on August 21, 1996 ; recorded via telephone. | |||||||||||||
| Jacobsen was director of American University of Beirut medical center, Lebanon. He was taken hostage as part of the Lebanon hostage crisis in June 1985 by members of a militia group and held captive for 523 days, being released November 2, 1986. | |||||||||||||
| Jacobsen discusses his capture by members of a Lebanon militia group; the efforts of the President Ronald Reagan administration to support Iran in its war with Iraq to control the influence of the Soviet Union in the Middle East; the bounty put on Jacobsen's head by Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi, and the efforts by Reagan and U.S. Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North to save him; Jacobsen's release as part of the arms-for-hostages deals that composed the Iran-Contra Affair; the public disclosure of the arms deals in Al Shiraa newspaper on the day of Jacobsen's release; the conditions of Jacobsen's captivity; the Iranian assets frozen by the U.S. government and their importance as motivation for hostage-taking and terrorism acts; the White House Rose Garden press conference held upon Jacobsen's release; and Jacobsen's feelings toward his former captors and toward the Reagan administration officials involved in the Iran-Contra Affair. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/41 | Oral history interview with Yechiel Kadishai, 1995-06-27 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on June 27, 1995 ; recorded at Tel Aviv, Israel. | |||||||||||||
| Kadishai was director-general of the Israeli Prime Minister's Bureau during the administrations of Menachem Begin and Itzhak Shamir. | |||||||||||||
| Kadishai discusses the policy of the U.S. President Ronald Reagan administration towards Israel; the Israeli bomibing of an Iraqi nuclear reactor in 1981; U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz and Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger; support for Israel by evangelical Christians in the U.S.; the war between Lebanon and Israel that began in 1982; the Sabra and Shatila massacre; and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin's resignation from office in 1983. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/42 | Oral history interview with Max Kampelman, 1996-02-06 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on February 6, 1996 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Kampelman was head of the U.S. delegation to the Madrid, Spain Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), 1980-1983; Ambassador and head of the U.S. delegation to the negotiations with the Soviet Union on nuclear and space arms in Geneva, Switzerland, 1985-1989; and counselor to the U.S. Department of State, 1987-1989. | |||||||||||||
| Kampelman discusses the U.S. President Ronald Reagan administration's polict toward Israel; the Madrid Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE); U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz; Reagan's character and leadership style; and negotiations with the Soviet Union over nuclear weapons and the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/43 | Oral history interview with Geoffrey Kemp, 1996-01-24 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on January 24, 1996 ; recorded at Washington D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Kemp was Special Assistant to the President for national security affairs, 1981-1985. | |||||||||||||
| Kemp discusses First Lady Nancy Reagan; the President Ronald Reagan administration's foreign policy officials; Reagan's management style; the structure of the U.S. National Security Council (NSC); Reagan's relationship with foreign leaders, including King Hussein of Jordan and Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi; crises in the Middle East during the Reagan administration; African-American civil rights activist Jesse Jackson; the Iran-Iraq and the Israel-Lebanon wars of the 1980s; relations with Israeli leaders and U.S. Secretary of State George Pratt Shultz's relationship with the American Jewish community; the Israeli bombing of an Iraqi nuclear reactor; the 1981 Israeli elections; the Sabra and Shatila massacres; the sale of military aircraft to Saudi Arabia; former U.S. President Jimmy Carter's criticism of Reagan's excessive familiarity with world leaders; the Iran-Contra Affair; and the legacy of the Reagan administration. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/44 | Oral history interview with Adnan Khashoggi, 1996-05-23 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on May 23, 1996 ; recorded at Paris, France. | |||||||||||||
| Khashoggi was a private businessman who acted as a middleman in the arms-for-hostages deals that formed part of the Iran-Contra Affair. In 1988, he was extradited to the United States to be tried on charges of concealing funds in connection with the arms sales, for which he was eventually acquitted. | |||||||||||||
| Khashoggi discusses the sale of Airborne Warning And Control System (AWACS) aircraft to Saudi Arabia by the United States; U.S. President Ronald Reagan and his plan for peace in the Middle East; Khashoggi's own plans for peace; his meetings with Iranian arms dealer Manucher Ghorbanifar; the arms-for-hostages negotiations between Iran, Israel and the United States; and the Iran-Contra Affair. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/45 | Oral history interview with David Kimche, 1996-03-28 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on March 28, 1996 ; recorded at Tel Aviv, Israel. | |||||||||||||
| Kimche was director-general of the Israeli foreign ministry, 1980-1987, chief Israeli delegate to the December 1982 trilateral negotiations with Lebanon and the United States following Israel's invasion of Lebanon, and acted as a liaison to U.S. President Ronald Reagan's administration during the arms-for-hostages negotiations with Iran during 1985. | |||||||||||||
| Kimche discusses his mission to contact U.S. leaders about the possibility of negotiating with Iranian leaders through arms dealer Manucher Ghorbanifar; dealing with various factions within the administration of U.S. President Ronald Reagan; and the motivations within the U.S. and Israel for negotiating with the Iranians. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/46 | Oral history interview with Jeane Kirkpatrick, 1996-02-08 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on February 8, 1996 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Kirkpatrick was U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, 1981-1985. | |||||||||||||
| Kirkpatrick discusses her appointment as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; her relationship with U.S. Secretaries of State Alexander Haig and George Pratt Shultz; debates within the National Security Council (NSC); and the Iran-Contra affair. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/47 | Oral history interview with C. Everett Koop, 1996-10-22 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on October 22, 1996 ; recorded via telephone. | |||||||||||||
| Koop was U.S. Surgeon General, 1982-1989. | |||||||||||||
| Koop discusses his appointment as U.S. Surgeon General; the Senate confirmation hearings, including concerns over Koop's anti-abortion position; combating the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, and the resistance Koop faced from the President Ronald Reagan administration for making it a public issue; other behavioral public health issues including tobacco smoking, obesity, and alcohol consumption; Koop's access to Reagan; and Reagan's Alzheimer's disease. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/48 | Oral history interview with Larry Kramer, 1996-10-09 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on October 9, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Kramer was a writer, film producer, and activist for homosexual rights and Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) awareness. He cofounded the Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC) in 1982 and the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) in 1987 to provide services for sufferers of AIDS and to raise awareness. Kramer wrote Just Say No, A Play about a Farce in 1988 as a satirical critique of the President Ronald Reagan administration's response to the AIDS epidemic. | |||||||||||||
| Kramer discusses Ron Reagan, son of U.S. President Ronald Reagan; First Lady Nancy Reagan's sexual reputation; the President and First Lady's public stance on gay rights issues; and dealing with officials from the administrations of President Reagan and New York City Mayor Ed Koch, particularly White House domestic policy advisor Gary Bauer, over raising public awareness of the Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) health crisis. | |||||||||||||
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