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| Transcripts of oral history interviews of the Ronald W. Reagan Presidency, 1995-1996 (continued) | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 5/49 | Oral history interview with Michael Ledeen, 1996-03-12 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on March 12, 1996 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Ledeen was a special advisor to U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Haig, 1981-1982, and a consultant to the Office of the U.S. Secretary of Defense, the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs, and the U.S. National Security Advisor, 1982-1986. | |||||||||||||
| Ledeen discusses the 1985 hijacking of the passenger liner MS Achille Lauro; U.S. National Security Council officers Oliver North and Robert McFarlane and their involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair; Iranian arms dealer and arms-for-hostages contact Manucher Ghorbanifar; accused spy Jonathan Pollard; moderate factions in Iran; and the Iran-Contra Affair investigations. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/1 | Oral history interview with Suzanne Massie, 1996-10-18 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on October 18, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Massie was an author of several books on Russia who became an unofficial consultant to U.S. President Ronald Reagan from 1984 to the end of his Presidency. | |||||||||||||
| Massie discusses patriotism and loyalty; her pro-Russia, anti-Soviet Union geopolitical positions; the circumstances of how she became an unofficial advisor to U.S. President Ronald Reagan on U.S.-Soviet relations; her lunchtime advisory meetings with President Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan; and summit meetings between U.S. and Soviet leaders. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/2 | Oral history interview with Jack Matlock, 1996-03-01 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on March 1, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Matlock was a career U.S. Foreign Service officer, 1956-1991, charge d'affaires of the U.S. embassy in the Soviet Union, 1981, U.S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia, 1981-1983, Special Assistant to the President and senior director of European and Soviet Affairs within the U.S. National Security Council, 1983-1987, and the penultimate U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1987-1991. | |||||||||||||
| Matlock discusses his appointment to the U.S. National Security Council to develop a negotiating plan for the Soviet Union; U.S. President Ronald Reagan's policy for encouraging reform in the Soviet Union; Reagan's proposal to eliminate nuclear weapons at the U.S.-Soviet summit meeting in Reyjavik, Iceland; the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) as a negotiating tactic; Reagan's decision to leave early from the Reykjavik summit; the influence of First Lady Nancy Reagan and her personal astrologer on the President's policymaking; and the working relationship between U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/3 | Oral history interview with Robert McFarlane, 1995-10-26 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on October 26, 1995 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| McFarlane was Counselor to the U.S. Department of State, 1981-1982, Deputy National Security Advisor, 1982-1983, and U.S. National Security Advisor, 1983-1985. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/4 | Oral history interview with Edwin Meese, 1996-01-30 , 1996-02-05 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on January 30 and February 5, 1996 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Meese was a member of California Governor Ronald Reagan's staff, serving as legal affairs secretary, 1967-1968, and executive assistant and chief of staff, 1969-1974; chief of staff of Reagan's 1980 Presidential election campaign; Counselor to the President for Policy, with Cabinet rank, 1981-1985; and U.S. Attorney General, 1985-1988. He resigned the latter office due to allegations of misconduct in the awarding of government contracts as part of the Wedtech Corporation scandal. | |||||||||||||
| Meese discusses California Governor Ronald Reagan's position on campus anti-war protests during the 1960's; Reagan's 1980 Presidential election campaign; the search for a Republican Vice-Presidential running mate, including former President Gerald R. Ford and rival candidate George H. W. Bush; Reagan's sense of humor and his temper; the selection of Reagan's Cabinet in the first administration; Reagan's reluctance to fire staff; Reagan's preference for using Cabinet officers for policymaking instead of the White House Office; Reagan's relationship with world leaders; the Reagan administration's handling of the AIDS crisis;the Iran-Contra affair and Meese's involvement in the investigation of U.S. National Security Council (NSC) staffer Oliver North; and Reagan's religious views. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/5 | Oral history interview with Constantine Menges, 1996-01-23 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on January 23, 1996 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Menges was a national intelligence officer for Latin American affairs at the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1981-1983; special assistant to the President on the staff of the National Security Council, 1983-1986; and author of the memoir Inside the National Security Council, 1988. | |||||||||||||
| Menges discusses the President Ronald Reagan administration's foreign policy apparatus; its Latin American policy, particularly Nicaragua; policymaking conflicts between Reagan's White House staff and the U.S. State Department; National Security Council (NSC) staff member Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North; North's involvement in the Iran-Contra affair; and Director of Central Intelligence William Casey. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/6 | Oral history interview with Joseph Metcalf, 1995-08-16 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on August 16, 1995 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Metcalf was a Vice Admiral in the U.S. Navy and commander of the U.S. Second Fleet in the Atlantic Ocean. In this capacity, he was placed in charge of Operation Urgent Fury, the 1983 U.S. invasion of Grenada, and given 39 hours to implement the operation. He was later made Vice Chief of Staff of Naval Operations. In 1985, he received a nonpunitive warning after it was revealed that he had attempted to import 24 captured AK-47 assault rifles as souvenirs. | |||||||||||||
| Metcalf discusses the 1983 U.S. invasion of Grenada; political requirements to limit casualties in carrying out the military operation; tactical operations in the invasion; and problems in U.S. policy toward Grenada. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/7 | Oral history interview with Keith Mitchell, 1995-09-01 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on September 1, 1995 ; recorded in Grenada. | |||||||||||||
| Mitchell was a math instructor at Howard University in Washington, D.C., 1977-1983, a member of the House of Representatives of Grenada from 1984 onwards, and the Minister of Works, Communications and Public Utilities, 1984-1989. | |||||||||||||
| Mitchell discusses the reasons behind the 1983 American intervention in Grenada, and support for the intervention within the United States and Grenada. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/8 | Oral history interview with Langhorne Motley, 1995-10-10 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on October 10, 1995 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Motley was U.S. Ambassador to Brazil, 1981-1983, and Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, 1983-1985. | |||||||||||||
| Motley discusses President Ronald Reagan's understanding of Latin American issues; U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz; the 1983 U.S. intervention in Grenada; National Security Council (NSC) staff member Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North's role in operational planning; relations with the United Kingdom over the Grenada invasion; the 1984 mining of Nicaraguan harbors by the United States; and the civil war between Contra and Sandinista forces in Nicaragua. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/9 | Oral history interview with Richard Murphy, 1996-02-01 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on February 1, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Murphy was U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, 1981-1983, and U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, 1983-1989. | |||||||||||||
| Murphy discusses Saudi Arabia's positions on the peace process between the Israelis and the Palestinians and surrounding Arab nations; U.S. President Ronald Reagan's concerns about violence in the Middle East; and National Security Council (NSC) staffer Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North's role in the Iran-Contra affair. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/10 | Oral history interview with Jackob Nimrodi and Uri Dan, 1996-03-26 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on March 26, 1996 ; recorded at Nimrodi's home in Savyon, Israel. | |||||||||||||
| Nimrodi was a former Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) military attache for the Israel Embassy in Teheran, Iran who returned to Teheran after his retirement from the military to act as a middleman in arms sales, inlcuding the early stages of the arms-for-hostages negotiations between Iran, Israel and the United States that became part of the Iran-Contra Affair. Dan was an Israeli journalist who contributed to numerous Israeli publications and also acted as the Israel correspondent for the New York Times. At the time of this interview, he was working on a biography of Nimrodi and was stopping by the latter's home for a visit and joined the interview in process. | |||||||||||||
| Nimrodi discusses working with Saudi Arabian businessman Adnan Khashoggi and Iranian arms dealer Manucher Ghorbanifar to broker the arms-for-hostages negotiations between Israel and Iran; Israeli counterterrorism expert Amiram Nir's role in the negotatiations and his mysterious death in 1988; an incident where antiquated missiles were supplied to the Iranians in lieu of new weapons, which nearly brought the arms-for-hostages deals to an end, and was used by Nir to push Nimrodi and Khashoggi out of the negotiation process; and the diversion of profits from the arms sales to provide aid for the Contra rebels in Nicaragua. Dan discusses Nimrodi's lifetime of experience in dealing with Iranians. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/11 | Oral history interview with Lyn Nofziger, 1995-11-28 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on November 28, 1995 ; recorded at Savyon, Israel. | |||||||||||||
| Nofziger was press secretary for Ronald Reagan's 1966 California gubernatorial campaign; Governor Reagan's director of communications; deputy chair of finance and press secretary for Reagan's U.S. Presidential election campaign, 1979-1980; Assistant to the President for Political Affairs, 1981; and senior advisor to Reagan's 1984 re-election campaign. In 1987, Nofziger was indicted in the Wedtech scandal for allegedly lobbying his former Federal office on behalf of the Wedtech corporation, but his conviction was later overturned. | |||||||||||||
| Nofziger discusses U.S. President Ronald Reagan's personality and intellectual capacity; the role of unofficial advisors in policymaking, including Reagan's "kitchen cabinet" and First Lady Nancy Reagan; John Sears, the original director of Reagan's 1980 Presidential election campaign, and his replacement William Casey; factions within Reagan's staff; the selection of George H. W. Bush as Reagan's Vice-Presidential running mate; the election debates between Reagan and President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 campaign; and Reagan's legacy as President. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/12 | Oral history interview with Manuel Antonio Noriega, 1995-08-30 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on August 30, 1995 ; recorded at the Federal Correctional Institution, Miami (FCI Miami), Florida. | |||||||||||||
| Noriega was an alleged operative of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1970-1976 and beginning again in 1981; chief of the intelligence unit of Panama's National Guard; and commanding general of the Panamanian Defense Forces and military leader of Panama, 1983-1989. He was taken prisoner as a result of the December 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama and subsequently convicted of drug trafficking, racketeering and money laundering in U.S. Federal court in April 1992. | |||||||||||||
| Noriega discusses his work for the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) providing a communications link with Cuba; his relationship with former CIA Director and U.S. Vice President George H. W. Bush, CIA Director William Casey, and National Security Council (NSC) staff member Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North; U.S. involvement in the civil war between Contra and Sandinista forces in Nicaragua, and Noriega's refusal to commit Panamanian support to an incursion or to otherwise undermine the Nicaraguan government; the 1983 U.S. invasion of Grenada; Noriega's reasons for refusing the administration of U.S. President Ronald Reagan's offer of amnesty on drug trafficking charges if Noriega resigned his leadership of Panama; and the 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama conducted by the President George H. W. Bush administration which resulted in Noriega's capture and imprisonment. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/13 | Oral history interview with Oliver North, 1996-06-05 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on June 5, 1996 ; recorded at Sterling, Virginia. | |||||||||||||
| North was an officer in the United States Marine Corps, 1968-1988, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel; lobbyist for the U.S. National Security Council (NSC), 1981-1983, and a specialist in counter-terrorism for the NSC's defense policies group, 1983-1986. He was dismissed from the NSC in 1986 after disclosure of the arms-for-hostages sales to Iran. In 1987, he was summoned to present nationally televised testimony to a joint committee of Congress investigating the Iran-Contra Affair. In 1988, he was indicted on 16 felony counts in connection with the affair, and was convicted in 1989 of accepting an illegal gratuity, aiding and abetting in the obstruction of a congressional inquiry, and destruction of Federal documents. In 1990, his conviction was overturned on grounds that his testimony to Congress was immunized. | |||||||||||||
| North discusses his reluctance to accept his assignment to serve as a U.S. Marines officer on detail to the U.S. National Security Council (NSC); his initial NSC assignment to form contingency plans to insure civillian control of the military in the event of a crisis; the involvement of North and U.S. Vice President Oliver North in planning for the 1983 U.S. intervention in Grenada; North's involvement in planning the 1986 bombing of Libya and alleged attempts of retaliation by the Libyan government against him; the 1985 terrorist hijacking of the Achille Lauro cruise ship; U.S. support for the Contra rebels in Nicaragua; North's initial objections to the arms-for-hostages negotiations with Iran to secure the release of captured Americans; U.S. President Ronald Reagan's personal compassion for the plight of the American hostages; North's involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair, including the diversion of the funds from arms sales to Iran to provide aid to the Contras; his personification as a central figure in the Iran-Contra dealings; the roles of Director of Central Intelligence William Casey and National Security Advisor John Poindexter in the Iran-Contra Affair; and the legacy of the Reagan administration. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/14 | Oral history interview with Nimrod Novick, 1996-05-15 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on May 15, 1996 ; recorded at Ra'ananah, Israel. | |||||||||||||
| Novick was senior political advisor for Shimon Peres during the latter's years as first Prime Minister and then Foreign Minister of Israel, 1984-1988. | |||||||||||||
| Novick discusses the Israeli government officials' perceptions of American leaders such as U.S. President Ronald Reagan, Secretary of State George Shultz, and Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger; convicted Israeli spy Jonathan Jay Pollard; the U.S. Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI); Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres' meeting with U.S. State Department Special Adviser Michael Ledeen; the arms-for-hostages negotiations between the United States, Israel and Iran; Peres' counterterrorism advisor Amiram Nir; Nir's briefing with U.S. Vice President George H. W. Bush; conspiracy theories surrounding Nir's death in a plane crash; Nir's relationship with American counterpart Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North; and the Arab-Israeli peace process. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/15 | Oral history interview with Pavel Palazhchenko, 1995-07-31 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on July 31, 1995 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Palazhchenko was an interpreter for the Soviet General Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Gorbachev and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze. | |||||||||||||
| Palazhchenko discusses British Prime Minster Margaret Thatcher and U.S. President Ronald Reagan; summit meetings between Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev; human rights issues in the Soviet Union; and the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/16 | Oral history interview with Shimon Peres, 1996-07-29 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on July 29, 1996 ; recorded at Tel Aviv, Israel. | |||||||||||||
| Peres was chairman of Israel's Labor Party, 1977-1992; Prime Minister of Israel, 1984-1986; Israeli Foreign Minister, 1986-1988; and deputy prime minister and finance minister, 1988-1990. | |||||||||||||
| Peres discusses U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz; negotations with Iran to release American hostages; relations with U.S. President Ronald Reagan; the Iran-Contra Affair; and convicted Israeli spy Jonathan Jay Pollard. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/17 | Oral history interview with Richard Perle, 1996-06-04 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on June 4, 1996 ; recorded at Chevy Chase, Maryland. | |||||||||||||
| Perle was U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy, 1981-1987, and a member of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee, 1987-2004. | |||||||||||||
| Perle discusses U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz and Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger; U.S. President Ronald Reagan's policy toward the Soviet Union, particularly his decision to put an end to cooperative toleration and instead pursue the collapse of the Communist system of government in that country; the rejection of the Cold War policy of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) and its replacement with the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI); the Reykjavik, Iceland summit meeting between Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev; and Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces Sergei Akhromeyev. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/18 | Oral history interview with Giandomenico Picco, 1996-03-06 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on March 6, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Picco was a political affairs officer in the United Nations' Office of the Under-Secretary for Special Political Affairs, beginning 1981, and subsequently Director and Assistant to the United Nations' Secretary-General for Special Assignment in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General. In the latter capacity he served as personal attache to Javier Perez de Cuellar, United Nations (U.N.) Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar. | |||||||||||||
| Picco discusses the United States' relationship with Iran; the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War; moderate factions in Iran; the hostility of the U.S. President Ronald Reagan administration to the United Nations (U.N.); U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Jeanne Kirkpatrick; hostage-taking in the Middle East during the 1980's; and the Iran-Contra Affair and arms-for-hostages negotiations between the United States, Israel, and Iran. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/19 | Oral history interview with Nicholas Platt, 1996-02-27 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on February 27, 1996 ; recorded at New York City, New York. | |||||||||||||
| Platt was U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs, 1981-1982, U.S. Ambassasor to Zambia, 1982-1984; executive secretary and special assistant to the U.S. Secretary of State, 1985-1987; and U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines, 1987-1991. | |||||||||||||
| Platt discusses U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz; Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos; and U.S. foreign policies for Central America and the Soviet Union. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/20 | Oral history interview with John Poindexter, 1996-04-24 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on April 24, 1996 ; recorded at Rockville, Maryland. | |||||||||||||
| Poindexter was an officer in the U.S. Navy, 1958-1986, rising to the rank of Vice Admiral; military assistant to U.S. President Ronald Reagan, 1981-1983; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and chairman of the National Security Council's Crisis Pre-planning Group, and U.S. National Security Advisor, 1985-1986. He was convicted in 1990 on felony counts of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, perjury, defrauding the government, and the alteration and destruction of evidence, all in connection with his activities during the Iran-Contra Affair, but these were overturned in 1991 on grounds that Poindexter had been granted immunity in testifying before Congress in the Iran-Contra investigations. | |||||||||||||
| Poindexter discusses U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Haig; the 1983 U.S. intervention in Grenada; reluctance of the U.S. military towards the Grenada and Lebanon interventions; the 1985 terrorist hijacking of the Achille Lauro cruise ship; the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI); U.S. President Ronald Reagan's concerns for American hostages in Lebanon; the Iran-Contra Affair and the arms-for-hostages negotiations between the U.S., Israel and Iran; National Security Council (NSC) staff member Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North; and Poindexter's approval of the diversion of funds in the Iran-Contra Affair and his taking responsibility as the senior official to have knowledge of the transfer. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/21 | Oral history interview with Colin Powell, 1996-05-30 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on May 30, 1996 ; recorded via telephone. | |||||||||||||
| Powell was a U.S. Army Brigadier General serving at Fort Carson, Colorado, and Fort Leavenworth, Kansas; Major General and military assistant to U.S. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger; Lieutenant General and commander of U.S. Army V Corps in Germany, 1986; Deputy National Security Advisor, 1986-1987; and U.S. National Security Advisor, 1987-1989. | |||||||||||||
| Powell discusses the professional animosity between U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz and U.S. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger; the 1983 U.S. intervention in Grenada; the Contra rebels in Nicaragua; the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and U.S. President Ronald Reagan's offer to the Soviet Union to share the technology; reshuffling of officials in Reagan's second Presidential administration; and the Iran-Contra Affair. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/22 | Oral history interview with Joan Quigley, 1995-09-24 , 1995-09-25 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on September 24-25, 1995 ; recorded at San Francisco, California. | |||||||||||||
| Quigley was an astrologer who first made the acquaintance of Nancy Reagan in 1973 and began to be employed for astological advice by First Lady Reagan after the 1981 assassination attempt on U.S. President Ronald Reagan. Quigley reputedly had some influence in determining President Reagan's daily schedule on matters of public appearances and diplomatic meetings. She was dismissed in 1988 following revelations by former White House Chief of Staff Donald Regan of Quigley's influence on First Lady Reagan. | |||||||||||||
| Quigley discusses being introduced to Nancy Reagan in 1973 by talk show host Merv Griffin; Quigley's provision of astological advice during Ronald Reagan's 1976 and 1980 Presidential campaigns; her beginnings as a political astrologer; the 1981 assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan and Quigley's subsequent employment by First Lady Nancy Reagan to provide astrological advice; First Lady Reagan's popularity concerns; Quigley's influence over President Reagan's state schedule and policy decisions; President Reagan's controversial visit to Bitburg, Germany; planning the schedule for the arms control summit meetings between President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev; former White House Chief of Staff Donald Regan's discolosure of Quigley's influence on First Lady Reagan; and the Iran-Contra Affair. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/23 | Oral history interview with Kendrick Radix, 1995-09-03 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on September 3, 1995 ; recorded at Grenada. | |||||||||||||
| Radix was a principal figure in the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) of Grenada which came to power in 1979 under Maurice Bishop's leadership. From 1979-1983, he functioned as Minister of Legal Affairs, Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ambassador to the United States, and numerous other capacities. He was imprisoned during the October 1983 coup that ousted Bishop's government, but subsequently escaped prison and found sanctuary in the Cuban embassy, gaining freedom following the U.S. invasion of Grenada. | |||||||||||||
| Radix discusses the beginning of Grenada's New Jewel Movement under the leadership of Maurice Bishop, and the March 1979 coup against the government of Grenadian Prime Minister Eric Gairywhich established the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG); Radix's childhood; Radix's attempts to normalize relations with the United States in the wake of the PRG's establishment; the 1983 coup against Bishop's leadership by leftist radicals under Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard; Bishop's house arrest and execution; Radix's escape from imprisonment; the U.S. invasion of Grenada in which Coard's faction was overthrown; motivations claimed by the United States as justification for the invasion, including endangerment of American students in Grenada, containment of of Marxism in the Caribbean, and concern that Cuba was funding an international airport in Grenada for the purpose of staging military incursions; and the role of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and Dominican Prime Minister Eugenia Charles in courting U.S. intervention in Grenada. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/24 | Oral history interview with Michael Radix, 1995-09-02 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on September 2, 1995 ; recorded at Grenada. | |||||||||||||
| Radix was a physician at Richmond Hill Prison in Grenada, and the brother of Kendrick Radix, a senior official in the People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada. | |||||||||||||
| Radix discusses the origins of the socialist-leaning New Jewel Movement in Grenada, and its leader Maurice Bishop; the 1983 coup against Bishop, and his subsequent execution by the revolutionaries; and the aftermath of the U.S. intervention in Grenada. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/25 | Oral history interview with Michael Reagan, 1996-11-19 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on November 19, 1996 ; recorded at Sherman Oaks, California. | |||||||||||||
| Reagan was the adopted son of U.S. President Ronald Reagan and actress Jane Wyman. | |||||||||||||
| Reagan discusses growing up as the son of actor-politician Ronald Reagan; his father's entry into politics giving speeches on the television show General Electric Theater and endorsing Presidential candidate Barry Goldwater at the 1964 Republican national convention; Michael's relationship with his father; Ronald's 1976 and 1980 Presidential election campaigns; Ronald's character; Michael's stepmother First Lady Nancy Reagan; Ronald's Presidential administration; the assassination attempt on Ronald's life; and Ronald's diagnosis and struggle with Alzheimer's disease. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/26 | Oral history interview with Donald Regan, 1996-07-18 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on July 18, 1996 ; recorded via telephone. | |||||||||||||
| Regan was U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1981-1985, and White House Chief of Staff, 1985-1987. | |||||||||||||
| Regan discusses switching jobs with White House Chief of Staff James Baker, who took over Regan's position as U.S. Secretary of the Treasury in U.S. President Ronald Reagan's second administration; Regan's fatigue with running the Treasury Department; Reagan's controversial visit to Bitburg, West Germany; the Iran-Contra Affair; the influence of First Lady Nancy Reagan and her astrologer Joan Quigley on state activities; accusations that Regan had been behind Iran-Contra and his resignation in the wake of that scandal. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/27 | Oral history interview with Rozanne Ridgway, 1996-02-07 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on February 7, 1996 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Ridgway was U.S. Ambassador to the German Democratic Republic (i.e. East Germany), 1983-1985, special assistant to the U.S. Secretary of State for negotiations, in which capacity she acted as chief negotiator for all five of the arms control summit meetings between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, and Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs, 1985-1989. She was dismissed from her latter post in May 1989 by the President George H.W. Bush administration. | |||||||||||||
| Ridgway discusses pro-negotation and pro-war factions within U.S. President Ronald Reagan's administration on the matter of Soviet policy; U.S. Secretary of State George Pratt Shultz and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze; U.S. diplomatic pressure on the Soviet Union to address human rights issues; and the Reykjavik, Iceland and Moscow, Russia summit meetings between Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/28 | Oral history interview with Richard Schifter, 1995-11-28 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on November 28, 1995 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Schifter was U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs, 1985-1992. | |||||||||||||
| Schifter discusses U.S. President Ronald Reagan's anti-Communism; Pentecostal Christians in the Soviet Union; the Geneva, Switzerland and Washington, D.C. summit meetings between Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev; and Soviet concessions on human rights issues. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/29 | Oral history interview with Barry Schweid, 1995-10-26 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on October 26, 1995 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
| Schweid was U.S. State Department correspondent for the Associated Press. | |||||||||||||
| Schweid discusses U.S. Secretary of State George Pratt Shultz; Shultz's dialogue with the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO); character differences between Shultz and former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger; and the Iran-Contra Affair. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/30 | Oral history interview with Paul Scoon, 1995-09-02 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on September 2, 1995 ; recorded at Grenada. | |||||||||||||
| Scoon was Governor General of Grenada, 1978-1992. In 1979, when the New Jewel Movement came to power and established the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) of Grenada, Scoon was briefly arrested but soon allowed to remain as titular head of state and Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain's representative in the island nation. During the 1983 coup by a radical faction of the PRG that overthrew and executed Maurice Bishop, Scoon was again placed under house arrest. Following the U.S. invasion of Grenada, Scoon was recognized as legal ruler of the country and appointed a new democratic provisional government. | |||||||||||||
| Scoon discusses the assertion that members of the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) of Grenada were interested in exporting Communism thruout the Caribbean; PRG Leader Maurice Bishop; the 1983 coup against Bishop's leadership, and Bishop's execution; the U.S. invasion of Grenada that removed Bishop's usurpers from power; Scoon's rescue from house arrest by U.S. Navy SEa, Air and Land (SEAL) troops; American students in Grenada during the coup and invasion; and U.S. President Ronald Reagan's visit to Grenada subsequent to the invasion. | |||||||||||||
| BOX-FOLDER 6/31 | Oral history interview with Richard Secord, 1996-07-09 , 1996-07-15 | ||||||||||||
| Interview conducted by Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober on July 9 and 15, 1996 ; recorded at Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
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