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DOMESTIC RELATIONS | |||||||||||||
Antimiscegenation laws were challenged, as were those which prohibited interracial cohabitation or which imposed special penalties if the offenders were of different races. Similarly, the fund challenged adoption and child custody cases which were based on racial considerations. | |||||||||||||
New York | |||||||||||||
Meenan v. Meenan, 1954 | |||||||||||||
EDUCATION | |||||||||||||
Discrimination in education was the fund's primary area of litigation from the 1940s to 1960s. Initial efforts were directed at gaining equal facilities and curriculum for students and equal pay for teachers in Negro schools. By the 1950s, it had been clearly demonstrated in the courts that separate schools would never be equal. Thereafter, cases aimed for integration at all levels of public education: first in professional schools, and then in elementary and secondary schools, colleges, and universities. | |||||||||||||
Arizona | |||||||||||||
Phillips v. Phoenix Union High Schools, 1953 | |||||||||||||
Arkansas | |||||||||||||
Abernathy v. Izzard, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Brewer v. Hoxie School Dist. No. 46 of Lawrence County, 1944, 1955-1956 | |||||||||||||
Brown v. Ramsey, 1948-1949 | |||||||||||||
Morris v. Williams, 1945 | |||||||||||||
California | |||||||||||||
English v. Pasadena School Bd., 1953 | |||||||||||||
Romero v. Weakley; Burleigh v. Weakley, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Delaware | |||||||||||||
Steiner v. Simmons; Simmons v. Steiner, 1954 | |||||||||||||
Wilson v. Beebe; Johnson v. Beebe, 1951 | |||||||||||||
Florida | |||||||||||||
Boyd v. Board of Control of Fla., 1949-1951 | |||||||||||||
Florida ex rel. Hawkins v. Board of Control, 1950-1958 | |||||||||||||
McDaniel v. Board of Pub. Instruction, 1941 | |||||||||||||
Sims v. Board of Pub. Instruction, 1950 | |||||||||||||
Turner v. Keefe, 1943 | |||||||||||||
Georgia | |||||||||||||
Andrews v. Cook, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Everett v. Smith, 1949-1950 | |||||||||||||
Hunt v. Arnold, 1956 | |||||||||||||
Illinois | |||||||||||||
Ayer v. Mann, 1949 | |||||||||||||
Davis v. Schultz, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Kansas | |||||||||||||
Henry v. Board of Educ., 1955 | |||||||||||||
Henry v. Rushton, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Kentucky | |||||||||||||
Abbington v. Board of Educ. of Louisville, Ky., undated | |||||||||||||
Dawson v. Farnsley, circa 1950 | |||||||||||||
Willis v. Walker, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Wilson v. Paducah Junior College, 1949-1953 | |||||||||||||
Louisiana | |||||||||||||
Allen v. Louisiana State Bd. of Educ., 1961 | |||||||||||||
Angel v. Louisiana State Bd. of Educ., 1956 | |||||||||||||
Board of Supervisors of La. State Univ. v. Tureaud, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Bright v. Union Parish School Bd., 1954 | |||||||||||||
Combre v. John McNeese State College, 1954 | |||||||||||||
Constantine v. Southwestern La. Inst., 1954 | |||||||||||||
Foister v. Board of Supervisors of La. State Univ. and Agric. and Mechanical College, 1951 | |||||||||||||
Freret Civic Improvement Ass'n v. Orleans Parish School Bd., 1952 | |||||||||||||
Guillory v. Saint Landry Parish School Bd., 1951 | |||||||||||||
Hatfield v. Board of Supervisors, La. State Univ., 1946-1947 | |||||||||||||
Heard v. Ouachita Parish School Bd., 1950-1951 | |||||||||||||
Howard v. Lincoln Parish School Bd., undated | |||||||||||||
Jamieson v. Louisiana State Bd. of Educ., 1965 | |||||||||||||
Johnson v. Board of Supervisors, 1946-1947 | |||||||||||||
Lark v. Louisiana Bd. of Educ., 1957 | |||||||||||||
LeBeauf v. State Bd. of Educ., 1965 | |||||||||||||
McKelpin v. Orleans Parish School Bd., 1941-1942 | |||||||||||||
Payne v. Board of Supervisors of La. State Univ., 1951 | |||||||||||||
Simmons v. Ouachita Parish School Bd., 1954 | |||||||||||||
Tureaud v. Board of Supervisors of La. State Univ., 1953 | |||||||||||||
Wells v. Dyson, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Westley v. Iberville Parish School Bd., 1953 | |||||||||||||
Whitmyer v. Lincoln Parish School Bd., 1954 | |||||||||||||
Williams v. Prather, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Wilson v. Board of Supervisors of La. State Univ., 1950 | |||||||||||||
Maryland | |||||||||||||
Brown v. Board of Educ. of Calvert County, Md., 1937 | |||||||||||||
Groves v. Board of Educ., 1956-1958 | |||||||||||||
Mills v. Lowndes, undated | |||||||||||||
Mitchell v. Connellee, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Tyson v. Byrd, 1949 | |||||||||||||
Michigan | |||||||||||||
Henry v. Godsell, 1956 | |||||||||||||
Missouri | |||||||||||||
Curators of the Univ. of Mo. v. Bell, 1950 | |||||||||||||
Lee v. Board of Educ., 1943 | |||||||||||||
Madison v. University of Mo. Medical School, 1950 | |||||||||||||
Missouri v. School Dist., 1951 | |||||||||||||
Missouri ex rel. Brewton v. Board of Educ., 1949 | |||||||||||||
Missouri ex rel. Toliver v. Board of Educ., 1949 | |||||||||||||
Mississippi | |||||||||||||
Bates v. Batte, 1947-1951 | |||||||||||||
Meredith v. Fair, 1962 | |||||||||||||
New Jersey | |||||||||||||
Walker v. Board of Educ.; Anderson v. Board of Educ., 1954 | |||||||||||||
New York | |||||||||||||
Bell v. Board of Education, Amityville, N.Y., 1955-1956 | |||||||||||||
In re Board of Educ., Union Free School Dist. 9, Town of Hempstead, N. Y., 1949-1950 | |||||||||||||
Breslow v. Wilson, 1949-1951 | |||||||||||||
Brown v. Union Free School Dist. No. 16, Nassau County, N.Y., 1951 | |||||||||||||
In re Hillburn School Dist. 15, 1931-1944 | |||||||||||||
In re Jackson, 1955 | |||||||||||||
In re Skipwith, Rector, 1958-1959 | |||||||||||||
Taylor v. Board of Educ., 1956-1961 | |||||||||||||
Tudor v. Board of Educ., 1953 | |||||||||||||
In re Ware, 1958-1959 | |||||||||||||
Zorach v. Clauson, 1952 | |||||||||||||
North Carolina | |||||||||||||
Blue v. Durham Public School Dist., 1949 | |||||||||||||
Carson v. Board of Educ. of McDowell Co., N.C., 1955-1957 | |||||||||||||
Carson v. Warlick, 1956 | |||||||||||||
Covington v. Edwards, 1955-1959 | |||||||||||||
Eaton v. Board of Educ. of New Hanover County, N.C., 1953 | |||||||||||||
Froneberger v. Huss, 1954 | |||||||||||||
McKissick v. Durham City Bd. of Educ., 1958-1959 | |||||||||||||
Neville v. Orange County Bd. of Educ., 1961 | |||||||||||||
Simmons v. Wallace, undated | |||||||||||||
Stephens v. Board of Graded School Trustees, 1948 | |||||||||||||
Stevens v. Hedgpeth, 1947-1948 | |||||||||||||
Thomas v. Gray, 1951 | |||||||||||||
Vickers v. Chapel Hill City Bd. of Educ., 1960 | |||||||||||||
Ohio | |||||||||||||
Clemons v. Board of Educ. of Hillsboro, Ohio, 1954-1956 | |||||||||||||
Oklahoma | |||||||||||||
Borrough v. Jenkins, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Brown v. Long, 1957 | |||||||||||||
Carr v. Cole, 1957 | |||||||||||||
Grant v. Taylor, 1954-1955 | |||||||||||||
Troullier v. Procter, 1954 | |||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||
Girard Estate, Orphan's Court of Philadelphia, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Sealy v. Department of Pub. Instruction, 1957 | |||||||||||||
South Carolina | |||||||||||||
Bryan v. Austin, 1956-1957 | |||||||||||||
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