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MISCELLANEOUS | |||||||||||||
Includes cases which do not fit into outlined categories. Of note are the cases involving the NAACP's right to do business in various states in the 1950s, particularly in Texas. | |||||||||||||
California | |||||||||||||
Acheson v. Murakami, 1949 (citizenship of Nisei) | |||||||||||||
Williams v. McClellan, 1953 | |||||||||||||
Florida | |||||||||||||
Jackson v. Boger, 1950 | |||||||||||||
Georgia | |||||||||||||
Holmes v. City of Atlanta, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Illinois | |||||||||||||
Beauharnais v. Illinois, 1952 (free press) | |||||||||||||
Maryland | |||||||||||||
Afro-American Co. v. Owen, 1956-1957 (free press) | |||||||||||||
DeAngelis v. Board of Liquor License Comm'rs for Baltimore, Md., circa 1955 (liquor licensing) | |||||||||||||
Lancaster v. Hammond, 1949 ("Ober Bill Case") | |||||||||||||
Nebraska | |||||||||||||
Batterson v. Omaha Post Number One of the American Legion, 1948 (communists excluded from organization) | |||||||||||||
New Jersey | |||||||||||||
In re Marshall, 1949 | |||||||||||||
New York | |||||||||||||
Adler v. Board of Educ. of the City of New York, 1951 (communists barred from teaching, N.Y.) | |||||||||||||
Bailey v. Wilkins, 1950-1951 (NAACP branch dispute) | |||||||||||||
Bright v. NAACP, 1951 (NAACP finances) | |||||||||||||
In re Jacob, 1951 | |||||||||||||
New York ex rel. Portnoy v. Strasser, 1951-1952 | |||||||||||||
Ohio | |||||||||||||
Burt v. Foust, 1950 (exclusion from American Bowling Congress) | |||||||||||||
South Carolina | |||||||||||||
Earle v. Greenville County and Pickens County, S.C., 1949 (lynching) | |||||||||||||
Texas | |||||||||||||
NAACP v. Texas, 1956-1960 | |||||||||||||
Texas v. NAACP, 1956 | |||||||||||||
Washington | |||||||||||||
Lesser v. Lesser, 1952 | |||||||||||||
Location unknown | |||||||||||||
Dembo v. Siple, 1952 (veterans' cemetery) | |||||||||||||
PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS | |||||||||||||
Segregation in public accommodations, recreational facilities, and transportation were daily manifestations of "Jim Crow." Racial distinctions in public accommodations were usually not imposed by state statutes; many facilities banned African Americans or were segregated by custom, or local ordinance and regulation. Cases of racial discrimination were brought against auditoriums, hospitals and health facilities, hotels, insurance companies, libraries, restaurants, cafeterias, and lunch counters, retail stores, theaters and other places of entertainment. | |||||||||||||
Alabama | |||||||||||||
Alabama v. Johnson, 1963-1965 | |||||||||||||
City of Montgomery v. Montgomery Improvement Ass'n, 1956 | |||||||||||||
Jones v. Southeastern Greyhound Lines, 1953 | |||||||||||||
Arkansas | |||||||||||||
Johnson v. Crawfis, 1954 | |||||||||||||
Florida | |||||||||||||
Boldan v. Allen, 1964 | |||||||||||||
McDuffie v. Florida Turnpike Auth., 1960-1961 | |||||||||||||
Georgia | |||||||||||||
Coke v. City of Atlanta, 1958-1960 | |||||||||||||
Hawaii | |||||||||||||
Merrit v. Green Room, 1951 | |||||||||||||
Illinois | |||||||||||||
Burroughs v. Sanitary Dist. of Chicago, 1951 | |||||||||||||
Stewart v. Lincoln-Douglas Hotel Corp., 1952 | |||||||||||||
Iowa | |||||||||||||
Rice v. Sioux City Memorial Cemetery, 1953 | |||||||||||||
Kansas | |||||||||||||
Becknell v. Trig, Inc., 1957 | |||||||||||||
City of Wichita v. Morton, 1948 | |||||||||||||
Kentucky | |||||||||||||
Moorman v. Morgan, 1954 | |||||||||||||
Muir v. Louisville Park Theatrical Ass'n, 1953 | |||||||||||||
Louisiana | |||||||||||||
Arnaud v. Arnaud's Restaurant, Inc., 1964 | |||||||||||||
Maryland | |||||||||||||
Law v. Mayor of Baltimore, 1948 | |||||||||||||
Michigan | |||||||||||||
Bishop v. Statler Hotels, 1957 | |||||||||||||
New York | |||||||||||||
Castle Hill Beach Club, Inc., v. Arbury, 1955 | |||||||||||||
North Carolina | |||||||||||||
Eaton v. Board of Managers of James Walker Memorial Hosp., 1956 | |||||||||||||
Hall v. Roanoke-Chowan Hosp., 1965 | |||||||||||||
Ohio | |||||||||||||
Colbert v. Coney Island, 1953-1956 | |||||||||||||
Fletcher v. Coney Island, Inc., 1954-1956 | |||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||
Manning v. Crowl, 1953 | |||||||||||||
Tennessee | |||||||||||||
Mathews v. Orgill, 1958-1960 | |||||||||||||
Texas | |||||||||||||
Plummer v. Casey, 1953 | |||||||||||||
Williams v. Hilton Hotels Corp., 1958 | |||||||||||||
Virginia | |||||||||||||
Boynton v. Virginia, 1959-1960 | |||||||||||||
Bradshaw v. Whigam, 1965-1966 | |||||||||||||
Henry v. Virginia, 1961-1963 | |||||||||||||
Robinson v. Hunter, 1961 | |||||||||||||
Washington, D.C. | |||||||||||||
District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co., Inc., 1950-1953 | |||||||||||||
Williams v. Hot Shoppes, Inc., 1960 | |||||||||||||
West Virginia | |||||||||||||
Brown v. County Court of Kanawha County, W.Va., circa 1959 | |||||||||||||
Wisconsin | |||||||||||||
Lange v. Rancher, 1953 | |||||||||||||
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES | |||||||||||||
The fund undertook cases which specifically targeted segregated recreational facilities supported by public funds such as parks, beaches, swimming pools, golf courses, and tennis courts because these cases provided a clear and strong challenge to separate-but-equal precepts. Later, the fund brought cases of racial discrimination against privately owned and operated facilities. | |||||||||||||
Florida | |||||||||||||
Youngblood v. Snow, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Georgia | |||||||||||||
Woods v. Murrah, 1956 | |||||||||||||
Kansas | |||||||||||||
Bailey v. Smith, circa 1953 | |||||||||||||
Louisiana | |||||||||||||
Detiege v. New Orleans City Park Improvement Ass'n, 1949-1951 | |||||||||||||
Maryland | |||||||||||||
Boyer v. Garrett, 1948 | |||||||||||||
Bryant v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, 1950 | |||||||||||||
Dawson v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, Md., 1947-1956 | |||||||||||||
Missouri | |||||||||||||
Shields v. City of Chillicothe, 1955 | |||||||||||||
Williams v. City of Kansas City, 1951-1953 | |||||||||||||
New Jersey | |||||||||||||
Scurry v. Sukup, 1951 | |||||||||||||
Valle v. Stengel, 1949 | |||||||||||||
South Carolina | |||||||||||||
Clark v. Flory, 1956 | |||||||||||||
Commings v. City of Charleston, 1960-1961 | |||||||||||||
Walker v. Shaw, 1961-1963 | |||||||||||||
Tennessee | |||||||||||||
Easterly v. Dempster, 1952 | |||||||||||||
Hart v. Knox County, 1948 | |||||||||||||
Texas | |||||||||||||
Beal v. Holcombe, 1951 | |||||||||||||
Byars v. White, 1955-1956 | |||||||||||||
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