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NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund records, 1915-1968

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Oversize, 1950-1968 (continued)
Poster, "Poor People's Campaign 1968," Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Container 175, folder 3) (continued)
Digital content available
BOX OV 2 Legal Case File
Gray v. Main (elections, Ala.)
Background material
Voting and population records, Barbour, Bullock, Greene, and Macon counties, 1961-1966
Photocopies (Container 214)
Box 1
Digital content available
BOX OV 3 Box 2
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BOX OV 4 Box 3
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BOX OV 5 Box 4
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BOX OV 6 Box 5
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BOX OV 7 Box 6
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BOX OV 8 Box 7
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BOX OV 9 Box 8
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BOX OV 10 Box 9
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BOX OV 11 Box 10
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BOX OV 12 Box 11
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Index of Legal Cases by Category and State
ARMED FORCES
The Truman administration adopted a policy in 1948 of "equality of treatment and opportunity" in a plan which called for racial integration of the United States armed forces by 1954. The Korean War accelerated the process so that integration was to be implemented by 1952. However, the NAACP continued to receive and investigate complaints of bias relating to assignments, promotion, discipline, or the administration of military justice. Furthermore, integration was much slower in reserve units, and few African Americans received Reserve Officer Training Corps scholarship awards. Finally, the fund challenged lingering segregation in schools, housing, and other collateral activities on military bases.
Guam
Burns v. Wilson, 1952
New York
Lawton v. Dewey, undated
Pennsylvania
Tomlinson v. Selective Serv. Draft Bd., 1948
Korean and World War II court martial records, 1943-1952
CIVIL RIGHTS PROTEST DEMONSTRATIONS
By 1960, court cases and integration efforts were sometimes accompanied by forms of social protest such as sit-ins and group marches. Demonstrators were often arrested for breach of peace or trespassing and some were defended by the fund.
Alabama
Alabama v. Allen, 1964-1965
Alabama v. Gray, 1964
Alabama v. Hanson, 1963
Alabama v. Robinson, 1963
Banks v. Alabama, 1963-1964
Carter v. City of Birmingham, 1965
Clemons v. Alabama, 1964
Cruikshank v. Alabama, 1964
Fowlkes v. Alabama, 1964
Johnson v. Alabama, 1964
Shelton v. Alabama, 1964
Smith v. Alabama, 1963 1964
Thomas v. City of Birmingham, 1963
Webster v. City of Birmingham, 1963-1965
California
Hughes v. Lucky Stores, Inc., 1948
Louisiana
Byrd v. City of New Orleans, 1948
Diamond v. Louisiana, 1962-1964
Maryland
Maryland v. Askin, 1948
North Carolina
Avent v. North Carolina, 1962
North Carolina v. Williams, 1960
South Carolina
City of Darlington v. Stanley, 1960-1961
CRIMINAL LAW
The fund litigated cases in which a defendant claimed denial of due process because of racial discrimination. Usually these cases raised questions about jury selection, coerced confessions, competent legal representation, and unfair sentencing. Some cases involved lynchings; others concerned police misconduct and racial segregation in prisons.
Alabama
Alabama v. Fikes, 1953
Arrington v. Alabama, 1949-1950
Fikes v. Alabama, 1953-1956
Hamilton v. Alabama, 1964
Huff v. Alabama, 1957
Middlebrooks v. City of Birmingham, 1964
Reeves v. Alabama, 1953-1957
California
Civil Rights Congress of the City and County of San Francisco v. Warren, 1950
Hardyman v. Collins, 1950
In re Middlebrooks, undated
Nichols v. McGee, 1957
Connecticut
Connecticut v. Higgs, 1953-1955
United States ex rel. Rogers v. Cummings, 1956
Florida
Florida v. Jordan, 1951
Furlow v. Florida, 1965
Irvin v. Florida, 1953
Shepherd v. Florida, 1950-1952
Georgia
Georgia v. Henderson, 1950
Georgia v. Ingram, 1948
Georgia v. Walker, 1966
Griffin v. Georgia, 1951
Ingram v. Georgia, 1948
Jones v. Balkcom, 1953
Mosley v. Georgia, 1955
Whitus v. Georgia, 1961
Worthy v. Foster, 1948
Illinois
Illinois v. Atkins, 1954
Illinois v. DeRose, 1951
Williams v. Illinois, 1951
Iowa
Iowa ex rel. Hooper v. Bennett, 1959-1960
Louisiana
Guice v. Mayeaux, 1954
Leib v. O'Neal, 1954
Maryland
Adams v. Maryland, 1953
Michigan
Clark v. Michigan, 1956
Mississippi
Hawkins v. Mississippi, 1955
Johnson v. Mississippi, 1954-1955
Kennard v. Mississippi, 1961-1963
Mississippi v. Johnson, 1954
Robinson v. Mississippi, 1955
United States ex rel. Goldsby v. Wiggins, 1957
New Jersey
Dukes v. Hanna, 1952-1954
New Jersey v. Lewis; New Jersey v. Parker, 1948
Williams v. Glasco, 1949
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